Ước tính luồng bề mặt không gian phân phối trong một sa mạc Great Basin bán khô hạn bằng cách sử dụng các dữ liệu nhiệt Landsat TM Các phép đo trên mặt đất của các quá trình thủy văn và micrometeorologic bây giờ đã có đối với nhiều nơi trên thế giới, đặc biệt là đối với Hoa Kỳ và Châu Âu, trên một cơ sở gần thường xuyên. Những phép đo này, tuy nhiên, chỉ có đại diện của một khu vực rất nhỏ xung quanh cảm biến, và, do đó, cung cấp ít thông tin về thủy văn. | Chapter 4 Estimating spatially distributed surface fluxes in a semi-arid Great Basin desert using LandsatTM thermal data Charles A. Laymon and Dale A. Quattrochi Introduction Ground-based measurements of hydrologic and micrometeorologic processes are now available for many parts of the world especially for the United States and Europe on a nearly routine basis. These measurements however are only representative of a very small area around the sensors and therefore provide little information about regional hydrology. The variability of the land surface precludes using these measurements to make inferences about processes that occur over an area of a hectare much less the size of an entire valley. Recent developments have demonstrated an increasing capability to estimate the spatial distribution of hydrologic surface fluxes for very large areas with remote sensing techniques. A number of studies have focused on the use of remote sensing to measure surface water and energy variables in attempts to derive latent heat flux or evapotranspiration ET over semi-arid regions . Kustas et al. 1989a b 1990 1994a b d 1995 Humes et al. 1994 1995 Moran etal. 1994 Ottléand Vidal-madjar 1994 Tueller 1994 . All of these investigations have used aircraft-based instruments and were limited to small areas. In only a few investigations has satellite-based remote sensing data been used to estimate ET. The synoptic and real-time attributes of remote sensing data from satellites offer the potential for measuring landscape hydrometeorological and surface energy flux characteristics that can be used in both monitoring and modeling the state and dynamics of semi-arid regions. Choudhury 1991 reviewed the current state of progress in utilizing satellite-based remote sensing data to estimate various surface energy balance parameters. Kustas et al. 1994c used Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR data to extrapolate ET estimates from one location containing near-surface .
