Quy chế môi trường liên bang cung cấp các chương trình trách nhiệm, theo đó các bên chịu trách nhiệm cho bị thương san hô là chịu trách nhiệm cho các chi phí phục hồi. Phục hồi bao gồm các dự án được thiết kế để trở về san hô điều kiện cơ bản cũng như các dự án được thiết kế để bù đắp cho các dịch vụ hệ sinh thái san hô bị mất từ thời điểm thương tích cho đến thời điểm hồi phục hoàn toàn. . | 5 Compensatory Restoration How Much Is Enough Legal Economic and Ecological Considerations Sharon K. Shutler Stephen Gittings Tony Penn and Joe Schittone CONTENTS Natural Resource Damages Statutory Compensatory Restoration Compensatory Claims within the Legal Coral Ecological Services .82 Restoration of Ecological Service Injuries and Primary Restoration Coral Recovery Horizons .84 Framework Injury .84 Framework Framework Crushing .84 Framework Displacement .84 Living Abrasion .86 Gouging .86 Crushing .87 Research Needs .88 References .89 INTRODUCTION Federal environmental statutes provide liability schemes whereby parties responsible for injuring corals are liable for the costs of restoration. Restoration includes projects designed to return the coral to baseline conditions as well as projects designed to compensate for the coral ecosystem services lost from the time of injury until the time of full recovery. The challenge facing the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA and other federal and state trustees is to develop legally defensible methodologies to quantify the amount of compensatory restoration owed by those liable 77 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 78 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook for injuries to coral. This chapter will explore the use of Habitat Equivalency Analysis HEA as a legally defensible means to quantify the amount of compensatory restoration owed examine metrics for appropriate measurement of recovery for western Atlantic coral reefs recommend coral recovery horizons for use in the HEA and recommend future research to refine coral recovery horizons. NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGES STATUTORY SCHEME In the Florida Keys alone on average over 600 reported boat groundings occur .
