Báo cáo về những sự kiện duy nhất không có thể được quyết định bởi một máy tính, họ có được băm ra bằng cách cân bằng chứng, đánh giá tính thuyết phục của lập luận, recasting báo cáo để làm cho họ dễ dàng hơn để đánh giá, và tất cả các quá trình sai lầm khác mà chết con làm cho dự đoán quy nạp về một tương lai không thể biết. Pinker (1997) rủi ro đặc tính là giai đoạn đánh giá rủi ro sinh thái tích hợp tiếp xúc và các cấu hình tiếp xúc, phản. | Part V Risk Characterization Statements about single events can t be decided by a calculator they have to be hashed out by weighing the evidence evaluating the persuasiveness of arguments recasting the statements to make them easier to evaluate and all the other fallible processes by which mortal beings make inductive guesses about an unknowable future. Pinker 1997 Risk characterization is the phase of ecological risk assessment that integrates the exposure and the exposure-response profiles to evaluate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects and uses those results to synthesize a useful conclusion. In other words it is the process of estimating and interpreting the risks and associated uncertainties. There are two fundamentally different types of risk characterizations. Screening assessments are intended to quickly and easily divide risks into those that need more attention and those that can be ignored Chapter 31 . Definitive assessments are intended to inform a decision-making process by providing risk estimates for all assessment endpoints Chapter 32 . Risk characterizations may be algorithmic in that they may use a standard procedure based on a standard set of input information using standard assumptions scenarios and models. Algorithmic approaches are used primarily in ecological risk assessments of pesticides and industrial chemicals Luttik and van Raaij 2003 EPPO 2004 . They are desirable in that context because they are efficient and fair to all of the competitive products that come before a chemical regulator. They are popular with regulated parties because the data requirements are clear and the outcome of a regulatory assessment can be predicted. Algorithmic approaches are disadvantageous when chemicals have properties that are not considered in the algorithm. The obvious example is endocrine disruptors that are not addressed by standard test batteries or effects models. Alternatively risk characterization may be performed ad hoc. The advantage of
