Bảo vệ cấu trúc của Man-Made chống lại Biofouling 9,1 THỂ BẢO VỆ Bảo vệ các đối tượng kỹ thuật và sinh học từ biofouling có thể được dựa trên các yếu tố vật lý và hóa học, cũng như hiệu quả chung của họ. Trong văn học, các yếu tố cơ khí, chẳng hạn như chà kỹ những ô nhiễm, thường được coi như một nhóm riêng biệt (Cologer và Preiser, 1984), tuy nhiên, theo ý kiến của tôi, họ có thể được coi là một loại yếu tố vật lý. Tập hợp của vật lý (hoá học) phương pháp và. | 9 Protection of Man-Made Structures against Biofouling PHYSICAL PROTECTION Protection of technical and biological objects from biofouling can be based on physical and chemical factors as well as on their joint effect. In the literature mechanical factors such as scrubbing off the fouling are usually considered as a separate group Cologer and Preiser 1984 however in my opinion they can be regarded as a type of physical factor. The assemblage of physical chemical methods and means under whose actions colonization by propagules juveniles and adult foulers is suppressed is referred to as physical chemical protection. The basic ideas and methods of protection of man-made structures against biofouling are discussed in several reviews Fischer et al. 1984 Marshall and Bott 1988 Gurevich et al. 1989 Foster 1994 Wahl 1997 Walker and Percival 2000 . Classifying antifouling methods by the acting factors allows one to consider the protection of not only man-made structures Chapter 9 but also living organisms Chapter 10 from the same viewpoint. One of the simplest methods of physical protection against biofouling is creating a mechanical barrier to fence off the settling propagules. Such a barrier can for example be realized in the form of a curtain of air bubbles surrounding a ship s hull. To create this curtain air is released under pressure from openings in a system of air pipes installed on the ship s hull Rasmussen 1969a . This type of protection by itself is not sufficiently reliable and can be used mostly to protect vessels with smooth contours. However it is considerably more efficient when combined with chemical toxic factors. For example biofouling can be suppressed if kerosene containing a dissolved toxin ừ-tributyltinoxide is released together with air bubbles. Such a combined method of protection named the Toxion was used at the beginning of the last century Gurevich et al. 1989 . An example of physical protection is flaking of paint in which case paint chips .
