Tiếp xúc với các tác nhân gây ung thư và các bệnh khác xảy ra trong cuộc sống hàng ngày và đặc biệt là trong môi trường làm việc nhất định. Trong một môi trường đô thị, tất cả mọi người được tiếp xúc với khói và các chất ô nhiễm khác trong bức xạ nền tự nhiên và ánh sáng tia cực tím mặt trời. Khoảng 50 triệu người hiện đang hút thuốc trong hàng triệu Mỹ nhiều kinh nghiệm tác dụng kích thích của môi trường cũ (thuốc lá) Một số đại lý chúng tôi được. | 7 Avoiding Risk Exposure to agents that cause cancer and other diseases occurs in everyday life and particularly in certain workplace settings. In an urban environment everyone is exposed to smog and other air pollutants in addition to natural background radiation and solar ultraviolet light. An estimated 50 million people currently smoke in the . Millions more experience the irritating effects of secondhand environmental tobacco Some agents we are exposed to are known or suspected human carcinogens. How should the collective impact of these agents be evaluated Analyzing the health impact of a single agent without regard to the presence of competing risks is inappropriate because perspectives on isolated risks can be distorted easily. Agents may interact in ways that enhance or diminish risk. The logical approach to dealing with multiagent exposures is to express health impacts for each agent in terms of a common currency risk. Ideally health protection frameworks for carcinogens should be coherent. In principle a set of common assessment and management concepts and tools can be developed by using a risk-based system that may be applied to a broad array of agents. Over the past 50 years radiation protection has evolved into a risk-based system with the goal of establishing a coherent framework of protection. In this way the health detriment associated with internal or external radiation exposures involving different ionizing radiation types . x-rays neutrons alpha particles can be reduced to a single number for risk-management purposes. The International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP introduced a risk-based system in 1977 as a solution to the problem of combining doses from different radiation However the system has created more problems than it has solved. Management of chemical carcinogens is similarly based on a risk framework. Risk is the coin of the realm and decision making is facilitated by reducing health effects from .
