KEY QUESTIONS IN SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE - PART 2

Cho phép đánh giá của preload / áp lực điền của B. trái tim Mang một nguy cơ cao tràn khí màng phổi bằng các đòn So với cách tiếp cận nội thuộc cổ C. Mang một nguy cơ cao bởi các đòn haemothorax So với các cách tiếp cận nội thuộc cổ D. Chỉ giảm thể tích máu | C. The first 6 hours after a general anaesthetic D. Sepsis E. Cardiac tamponade IQ 35. CVP monitoring A. Allows assessment of the preload filling pressure of the left heart B. Carries a higher risk of pneumothorax by the subclavian compared with the internal jugular approach C. Carries a higher risk of haemothorax by the subclavian compared with the internal jugular approach D. Indicates hypovolaemia when the CVP is low E. May not reflect the left heart filling pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD Cardiovascular System IQ 36. PAOP A. Is a reflection of left atrial pressure B. Is measured by temporary occlusion of a pulmonary vein by a flotation catheter C. Must be measured in a cardiac catheter laboratory D. Measurement may be complicated by haemoptysis E. Measurement may be complicated by pulmonary infarction IQ 37. PAOP A. Can be derived from the CVP and haemoglobin concentration B. Measurement involves passage of a pulmonary artery catheter across the interatrial septum C. Measurement is appropriate when volume status is uncertain after clinical assessment and measurement of the CVP D. Is typically raised in adult respiratory distress syndrome ArDs E. Is typically raised in septic shock IQ 38. Quantitative measurement of cardiac output can be made using A. CVP and haemoglobin concentration B. Thermodilution techniques MCQs Key Questions in Surgical Critical Care 11 C. An oesophageal Doppler probe D. The Fick principle E. Mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate Cardiovascular System Q 39. The following are normal values A. CVP 1-10 mmHg B. PAOP 16-28 mmHg C. Cardiac index l min m2 D. Systemic vascular resistance 350-750dyn s cm5 E. Pulmonary artery pressure 25 10 mmHg Q 40. Cardiogenic shock A. Is shock due to inability of the heart to maintain the circulation B. Is characterised by a low cardiac output C. Is characterised by a low PAOP D. Is characterised by a low systemic vascular resistance E. May be caused by .