Việc giới thiệu không phải là loài bản địa (NIS) trên các vùng biển châu Âu chính là một quá trình không ngừng năng động. Đến năm 2004, 851 NIS (phần lớn là các sinh vật động vật đáy) đã được báo cáo trong hàng hải châu Âu và các vùng nước lợ, phần lớn trong những năm 1960 và 1970. Địa Trung Hải là nơi có nhiều người nhận chủ yếu của các loài ngoại lai với một mức trung bình của một giới thiệu mỗi 4 tuần trong năm 5 vừa qua. . | Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review 2005 43 419-453 R. N. Gibson R. J. A. Atkinson and J. D. M. Gordon Editors Taylor Francis GLOBALISATION IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS THE STORY OF NON-INDIGENOUS MARINE SPECIES ACROSS EUROPEAN SEAS NIKOS STREFTARIS ARGYRO ZENETOS EVANGELOS PAPATHANASSIOU Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos 19013 Attica Greece E-mail nstrefta@ Abstract The introduction of non-indigenous species NIS across the major European seas is a dynamic non-stop process. Up to September 2004 851 NIS the majority being zoobenthic organisms have been reported in European marine and brackish waters the majority during the 1960s and 1970s. The Mediterranean is by far the major recipient of exotic species with an average of one introduction every 4 wk over the past 5 yr. Of the 25 species recorded in 2004 23 were reported in the Mediterranean and only two in the Baltic. The most updated patterns and trends in the rate mode of introduction and establishment success of introductions were examined revealing a process similar to introductions in other parts of the world but with the uniqueness of migrants through the Suez Canal into the Mediterranean Lessepsian or Erythrean migration . Shipping appears to be the major vector of introduction excluding the Lessepsian migration . Aquaculture is also an important vector with target species outnumbered by those introduced unintentionally. More than half of immigrants have been established in at least one regional sea. However for a significant part of the introductions both the establishment success and mode of introduction remain unknown. Finally comparing trends across taxa and seas is not as accurate as could have been wished because there are differences in the spatial and taxonomic effort in the study of NIS. These differences lead to the conclusion that the number of NIS remains an underestimate calling for continuous updating and systematic research. Introduction A non-indigenous species NIS
