Sau một thời gian thành công trong việc kiểm soát các bệnh truyền nhiễm với các loại vắc xin mới, tiêm chủng toàn cầu chương trình (bệnh đậu mùa và bại liệt), thuốc kháng sinh, và phương pháp điều trị tiên tiến, đặc biệt là tại Hoa Kỳ trong những năm 1960 đến đầu những năm 1980, một thời đại xâm nhập, mới nổi, và ló ra trở lại bệnh bắt đầu. Các bệnh này tăng tốc thông qua các thập niên 1990 và đầu những năm 2000, kết quả là mối đe dọa bệnh dịch mới và sự bùng phát với tăng nguy. | Part IV Animal Health and Genetics 2008 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 15 The Introduction and Emergence of Wildlife Diseases in North America Robert G. McLean CONTENTS Major Causes. 262 Specific Invasive and Emerging Wildlife Diseases. 263 West Nile Virus. 263 Hantavirus. 265 Lyme Disease. 265 Monkeypox. 266 Raccoon Rabies. 267 Foreign Wildlife Diseases That Could Invade the United States. 268 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza. 268 Rift Valley Fever . 270 Nipah Virus. 271 Japanese Encephalitis. 271 Prevention Detection and Control of Invading and Emerging Diseases . 272 References. 274 Following a period of success in controlling infectious diseases with new vaccines global vaccination programs smallpox and polio antibiotics and advanced treatments especially in the United States during the 1960s to the early 1980s an era of invading emerging and reemerging diseases began. These diseases accelerated through the 1990s and early 2000s resulting in new disease threats and outbreaks with increased human health risks and huge economic impacts . AIDS Lyme disease LD West Nile WN virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus SARS-CoV . Of the 175 new human emerging diseases 75 were caused by zoonotic disease agents transmitted between wild or domestic animals and humans Cleaveland et al. 2001 and these emerging pathogens were predominantly viruses Woolhouse and Gowtage-Sequeria 2005 for example Hantavirus WN virus Monkeypox SARS-CoV and Nipah virus. Many of the newly emerging pathogens have seriously impacted the global public health and animal health infectious disease infrastructure and some pathogens had the threat of producing pandemics such as SARS-CoV and recently highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI virus Fauci et al. 2005 . The causes and methods of dissemination of these invading and emerging diseases are as varied as the diseases themselves. Despite advances in medicine and technology we have been unable to prevent their introduction .
