Vai trò của công nghệ thông tin không gian trong việc đưa ra quyết định đã được tranh luận gần như kể từ khi khởi đầu của việc sử dụng chúng trong các hệ thống thông tin đất đai chính quyền địa phương. Một câu hỏi quan trọng thường phát sinh là liệu thông tin đất đai được sử dụng để giúp đưa ra quyết định, hoặc là nó được sử dụng để biện minh cho quyết định vì nhiều lý do khác? Niemann (1987) và Zwart (1988) hình ảnh thu nhỏ cuộc tranh luận trong quan điểm của họ. | Chapter 9 GIS-enhanced land-use planning Stephen J. Ventura Bernard J. Niemann Jr. Todd L. Sutphin and Richard E. Chenoweth INTRODUCTION - INFORMATION IN LAND-USE PLANNING The role of spatial information technologies in decision-making has been debated almost since the inception of their use in local government land information systems. An important question that often arises is whether land information is used to help make decisions or is it used to justify decisions made for many other reasons Niemann 1987 and Zwart 1988 epitomized the debate in their point and counter-point conference articles about better information resulting in better decisions through modernized land information systems. At the local level just getting the job done public agency practitioners generally have not been concerned about the role or impacts of spatial information. If they take time to consider these issues it is likely that most would follow disciplinary training and assume that improvement in quality and availability of land information benefits the citizens and organizations they serve. If asked about public participation they might also assume that improvements particularly in data form and access extend availability of information to audiences that otherwise may be excluded from decision-making processes. Little empirical evidence has been reported to support or deny this belief in a positive role for land information in land use decision-making in the contemporary US local government context. Zwart 1991 defined indicators of the impacts on decision-making though noted operational difficulties in using them. A theoretical model of the role of information in local land use planning was developed by Knapp et al. 1998 . They explicitly looked at the effect of information about local government infrastructure investments and land use regulations on the timing of development decisions. Their study did show that information modifies development decisions. However the models were
