Sự tham gia GIS (PPGIS) đã được hình thành như là một thiết lập dựa trên quá trình tích hợp và bao gồm các phương pháp và công nghệ tuân theo sự tham gia của cộng đồng, nhiều quan điểm, và các hình thức đa dạng của thông tin (để xem xét, xem Obermeyer 1998). Hình ảnh tham gia công cộng (PPVis) là một thành phần quan trọng của PPGIS. Địa lý trực quan (GVis) là khái niệm như là một loại chủ yếu là tư nhân của bản đồ sử dụng liên quan đến bản đồ tương tác cao. | Chapter 25 A praxis of public participation GIS and visualization1 John B. Krygier INTRODUCTION Public Participation GIS PPGIS have been conceived as an integrative and inclusive process-based set of methods and technologies amenable to public participation multiple viewpoints and diverse forms of information for a review see Obermeyer 1998 . Public Participation Visualization PPVis is an important component of PPGIS. Geographic visualization GVis is conceptualized as a predominantly private type of map use involving high human-map interaction wedded to exploratory analyses MacEachren 1994 . Such visual analysis is linked to the analytical component of GIS maps and other visual representations are not merely the output of GIS analysis but are part of the analysis itself. GVis Research has focused on highly skilled scientists engaged in scientific research using advanced computing technologies. However rapid advances in technology are allowing a much broader array of non-scientific users to engage in visualizationtype map use. Developments in WWW-based programming languages are making advanced highly interactive GVis and GIS applications available to anyone with an internet connection. Users can not only access existing geographic information but also can interactively explore what if scenarios and amend and add information to WWW-based GIS databases. Users can make and un-make information and thus shape and reshape the way they understand their neighbourhood region county and the world. This is an active process of sense-making Dervin 1999 by diverse people using geographic information from a variety of sources represented in maps images text and sound. A praxis or theorized practice of PPVis and PPGIS consists of an explicit awareness of the concepts and theories of information its representation of people social relations power and how these shape and are shaped by socially infused technologies such as PPVis and PPGIS. Such awareness must be brought to bear
