Trong chẩn đoán phân biệt, nó quan trọng aussi nesses y tế bị bệnh cần xem xét đó có thể gây ra trao đổi hình ảnh tương tự như Những mô tả. Luận án bao gồm đau đầu đau nửa đầu, động kinh, và các vấn đề thị giác. Một lịch sử chi tiết (đặc biệt Trước khi sử dụng gây ảo giác) | 320 CASE FILES PSYCHIATRY In the differential diagnosis it is also important to consider medical illnesses that can cause visual changes similar to those described. These include migraine headaches seizures and visual problems. A detailed history especially prior hallucinogen use and a physical examination usually illuminate the correct diagnosis. In individuals with hallucinogen persisting perception disorder it is common to find consistent triggers for the flashbacks such as emotional stress sensory deprivation such as driving a car as in the above case or use of alcohol or marijuana. Treatment Although the symptoms of this disorder are usually transient treatment with a long-lasting benzodiazepine such as clonazepam or an anticonvulsant such as valproic acid or carbamazepine can be beneficial in reducing symptoms. Antipsychotics should be avoided as they can actually worsen the psychotic symptoms within 72 hours of administration. As mentioned earlier minimizing emotional stress and abstaining from alcohol and drugs are helpful in reducing the triggering of the flashbacks. Comprehension Questions tWiich of the following characteristics most distinguishes hallucinogen persisting perception disorder from schizophrenia A. Impairment in functioning B. Presence of hallucinations C. Retention of insight D. Significant distress Which of the following modalities is most often affected in hallucinogen persisting perception disorder A. Auditory A B. Olfactory C. Tactile D. Visual tWéch of the folloswng tStuations ts moos tlkeey to frlggce a tfaaSibaak A. Alcohol use B. A brightly lit room C. Loud music D. A relaxed state CLINICAL CASES 321 A 21 -vcar-old woman presents to the í i i í e ĩ í department with a complaint of ssstng trails rroune objscSs. In -slrstng furshsr htsSo-y shs reluctantly admits to rscsnt uss of LSD but has not usse it for several wssks. Shs esniss having any medical problems and ths results of hsr physical and laboratory .
