Trong hai thập kỷ qua, một nỗ lực tăng khoa học đã cống hiến để đạt được hiểu biết không chỉ các dịch tễ học, di truyền và sinh bệnh sinh hóa của bệnh Alzheimer (AD), nhưng cũng làm thế nào để phát hiện các cá nhân có các dạng rối loạn cận lâm sàng hoặc tiền lâm sàng | __CHAPTER 10 The Prodromes and Early Detection of Alzheimer s Disease Michael Zaudig Windach Hospital and Institute for Neurobehavioral Research and Therapy Windach Germany INTRODUCTION Over the past two decades an increased scientific effort has been devoted to gaining an understanding not only of the epidemiology genetics and biochemical pathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease AD but also of how to detect in individuals with subclinical or preclinical forms of the disorder 1 . Identification of such individuals will become a clinical and public health imperative once effective therapeutic measures are developed. Mild cognitive impairment MCI defines a transitional stage between normal ageing and dementia and reflects the clinical situation where a person has memory complaints but no evidence of dementia 2 . TERMINOLOGY CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF MCI In this chapter the term MCI is used to describe subjects with cognitive impairment that is not severe enough to meet the criteria for dementia DSM-IV ICD-10 National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke - Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders Association NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and in whom the cognitive impairment is not related to vascular disorders Parkinson s disease brain neoplasm head trauma drugs alcohol or thyroid dysfunction. The term MCI as used in this chapter means objective measured by neuropsychological tests mild cognitive impairment with insidious onset and slow deterioration in older people. MCI currently is seen as a harbinger of AD. Early Detection and Management of Mental Disorders. Edited by Mario Maj Juan Jose Lopez-Ibor Norman Sartorius Mitsumoto Sato and Ahmed Okasha. 2005 John Wiley Sons Ltd. ISbN 0-470-01083-5. 278 EARLY DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS The term preclinical AD refers to subjects who have objective mild cognitive impairment and who then develop AD. Consequently the diagnosis of preclinical
