Giang mai thần kinh (chứng hao mòn dorsalis) gây bệnh sinh vật là Treponema pallidum. Tertiary giang mai (giai đoạn cuối của bệnh giang mai) biểu hiện thần kinh, tim mạch, và các tổn thương u hạt. Giang mai bẩm sinh biểu hiện một hạch maculopapular, phát ban, | TABLE 17-6. Common causes of pediatric bacterial meningitis. Age Bacteria Treatment Neonates 1 month Group B streptococcus Gram-negative enteric bacilli Listeria monocytogenes Escherichia coli Ampicillin and a third-generation cephalosporin Infants 1-24 months Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae type B Third-generation cephalosporin Vancomycin should be added until susceptibility is known Children 24 months S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis H. influenzae type B Third-generation cephalosporin Vancomycin should be added until susceptibility is known HIGH-YIELD FACTS The transmission rate of syphilis from infected mother to infant is nearly 100 . Treat infant with IV penicillin G. Congenital syphilis may manifest around age 2 with Hutchingson s triad Interstitial keratitis Peg-shaped incisors Deafness cranial nerve CN VIII 2. Neurosyphilis tabes dorsalis Causative organism is Treponema pallidum. Tertiary syphilis late-stage syphilis manifests with neurologic cardiovascular and granulomatous lesions. Congenital syphilis presents with a maculopapular rash lymphadenopathy and mucopurulent rhinitis. Routine prenatal screening for syphilis is now mandatory in most states to prevent congenital syphilis. Viral Meningoencephalitis 1. Herpes simplex virus HSV-1 produces alterations in mood memory and behavior. HSV-2 is more commonly the cause of meningoencephalitis and is the congenitally acquired form transmitted to 50 of babies born to a mother with active vaginal lesions. 2. Rabies Causes severe encephalitis coma and death due to respiratory failure. Transmitted via bite from an infected animal usually associated with dogs or bats. The virus travels up the peripheral nerves from the bite site and enters the brain. Nonspecific symptoms fever malaise and paresthesia around the bite site are pathopneumonic. TRANSVERSE MYELITIS Argyll-Robertson pupil is discrepancy in pupil size seen in neurosyphilis. Pupil reacts poorly to light but accommodation
