Thực vật biến đổi gen biểu hiện tính trạng mới thông qua các biểu hiện của protein nước ngoài được mã hóa bởi gen chèn vào. Ví dụ, thùng chứa bông biến đổi gen đã cho độc tố vi khuẩn Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) và Diễn đạt Bt lá và chồi trong STI Will Be bảo vệ khỏi sâu đục quả tấn công. Kể từ khi các sản phẩm protein của gen Nhiều người có thể được tinh khiết, luận án "hoạt chất" của cây biến đổi gen có thể được sử dụng trong thí nghiệm để Đánh giá tác động. | 14 Using proteins to assess the potential impacts of genetically modified plants on honey bees . Malone and . Pham-Delègue Summary Genetically modified plants manifest new traits via the expression of foreign proteins encoded by inserted transgenes. For example cotton modified to contain a Bacillus thuringiensis Bt gene and expressing Bt toxin in its leaves and buds will be protected from bollworm attack. Since the protein products of many transgenes can be purified these active ingredients of genetically modified plants can be used in experiments to assess the likely impacts of such plants on bees. Such tests have a number of advantages they can be conducted prior to the lengthy process of plant modification the effects of the proteins can be quantified and some tests may be conducted with bees outside strict quarantine conditions. The shortcomings of this approach are that indirect impacts of genetically modified plants on bees such as pleiotropic effects resulting from changes in plant phenotype cannot be assessed and that the test conditions may be somewhat artificial for example keeping the bees in cages in an incubator. This chapter summarizes current results from bioassays with bees and purified transgene products. Effects of a range of proteins Bt toxins protease inhibitors chitinases glucanases and biotin-binding proteins on adult bee gut physiology food consumption olfactory learning behavior and longevity are presented. Introduction Genetically modified GM plants are becoming an increasingly common component of agro-ecosystems throughout the world. For example between 1997 and 1998 the global acreage planted in commercial GM crops excluding China increased 250 percent to almost 70 million acres 1 . Over 90 percent of this acreage was planted with either herbicideresistant 71 percent or Bt Bacillus thuringiensis insect-resistant 28 percent crops. Most GM crops have been planted in industrialized nations with the United States accounting for nearly .
