Biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu đang có tác động tàn phá về cấu trúc môi trường sống trong các hệ sinh thái coralreef do nhạy cảm với môi trường khắc nghiệt và hậu quả tẩy trắng của reefbuilding san hô scleractinian. Tẩy trắng san hô thường xuyên gây thiệt hại trực tiếp của san hô sống và có thể dẫn đến sự sụt giảm trong dài hạn phức tạp về địa hình. | EFFECTS OF CLIMATE-INDUCED CORAL BLEACHING ON CORAL-REEF FISHES ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES MORGAN S. PRATCHETT1 PHILIP L. MUNDAY1 2 SHAUN K. WILSON3 NICHOLAS . GRAHAM3 JOSHUA E. CINNER1 DAVID R. BELLWOOD1 2 GEOFFREY P. JONES1 2 NICHOLAS . POLUNIN3 TIM R. MCCLANAHAN4 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and 2School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia E-mail 3School of Marine Science Technology University of Newcastle Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU UK 4Wildlife Conservation Society Marine Programs Bronx NY 10460-1099 Abstract Global climate change is having devastating effects on habitat structure in coralreef ecosystems owing to extreme environmental sensitivities and consequent bleaching of reefbuilding scleractinian corals. Coral bleaching frequently causes immediate loss of live coral and may lead to longer-term declines in topographic complexity. This review identifies coral cover and topographic complexity as critical and distinct components of coral-reef habitats that shape communities of coral-reef fishes. Coral loss has the greatest and most immediate effect on fishes that depend on live corals for food or shelter and many such fishes may face considerable risk of extinction with increasing frequency and severity of bleaching. Coral loss may also have longer-term consequences for fishes that require live corals at settlement which are compounded by devastating effects of declining topographic complexity. Topographic complexity moderates major biotic factors such as predation and competition contributing to the high diversity of fishes on coral reefs. Many coral-reef fishes that do not depend on live coral are nonetheless dependent on the topographic complexity provided by healthy coral growth. Ecological and economic consequences of declining topographic complexity are likely to be substantial compared with selective effects of coral loss but both coral cover
