Công nghệ nano hứa hẹn rộng sử dụng nguyên liệu và năng lượng hiệu quả hơn. Một số ứng dụng cung cấp hy vọng y tế hoặc bảo vệ môi trường. những khen thưởng, tuy nhiên, phải được cân đối với các rủi ro tiềm tàng từ sản xuất, sử dụng, và xử lý các sản phẩm có chứa vật liệu nano. Chương này thảo luận công cụ để đánh giá sự cân bằng giữa những rủi ro tiềm năng và phần thưởng, beginningwith khái niệm về phân tích chu kỳ sống của (LCA) | 11 Balancing the Risks and Rewards Kathleen Sellers ARCADIS . Inc. CONTENTS Life Cycle Analysis LCA .249 Adaptations to Screening Nano Risk XL Insurance Database Summary and Nanotechnologies offer broad promise to use raw materials and energy more efficiently. Some applications offer medical hope or environmental protection. These rewards however must be balanced against the potential risks from manufacturing using and disposing of products containing nanomaterials. This chapter discusses tools to evaluate the balance between potential risks and rewards beginning with the concept of Life Cycle Analysis LCA . LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS LCA Life Cycle Analysis LCA an integral part of the ISO environmental management standards ISO 14040 uses a mass and energy balance to determine the potential effects of product manufacture on human health and the environment. More formally 1 LCA is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product by Compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs of a product system Evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs Interpreting the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment phases in relation to the objectives of the study. 249 2009 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 250 Nanotechnology and the Environment LCA studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts throughout the product s life . cradle to grave from raw materials acquisition through production use and disposal. The general categories of environmental issues needing consideration include resource use human health and ecological consequences. The formal process of LCA uses very specific information to quantify the consequences of a particular product s manufacture use and disposal. In the developing world of nanotechnology such specific .
