Hóa chất trên Fate môi trường của họ Chương 2 là có liên quan với quá trình xác định sự phân bố của các hóa chất trong các sinh vật sống và mối quan hệ giữa phân phối và độc tính. Tầm quan trọng của tính chất của hoá chất trong việc xác định số phận của họ trong các sinh vật sống đã được đưa ra nhấn mạnh. Phân cực, kích thước phân tử, sự hiện diện của các nhóm chức năng, và sự ổn định phân tử đã nhìn thấy tất cả ảnh hưởng đến các quy trình toxicokinetic | 3 Influence of the Properties of Chemicals on Their Environmental Fate Chapter 2 was concerned with processes that determine the distribution of chemicals within living organisms and the relationship between distribution and toxicity. The importance of properties of chemicals in determining their fate within living organisms was given emphasis. Polarity molecular size the presence of functional groups and molecular stability were all seen to influence toxicokinetic processes. The types of enzymes responsible for biotransformations were related to the structures of the chemicals undergoing biotransformation . esterases for esters reductases for nitro compounds monooxygenases for aromatic hydrocarbons etc. . This chapter will consider the wider question of how the properties of chemicals determine their fate in the gross environment and how these properties can be incorporated into descriptive and predictive models relating to the movement and distribution of environmental chemicals. First there will be a description of chemical and physical properties that determine the fate of organic pollutants in the gross environment restricting the discussion to chemical and physical processes. Next an account is given of how these data are incorporated into models that attempt to describe or predict environmental fate. Finally the relationship between the properties of chemicals and the operation of biological processes that determine environmental fate will be discussed. Drawing on the background given in Chapter 2 emphasis will be given to the relationship between properties of environmental chemicals and their uptake excretion and metabolism by living organisms. The overall aim will be to lay a proper foundation for consideration of the more complex issues in Chapter 4 which will address the question of movement and distribution of chemicals in ecosystems where both biological and abiotic processes come into play. Key issues will be the fate of chemicals in soils and the
