Tham khảo tài liệu 'indoor and outdoor air pollution part 13', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Air Quality Degradation Can Economics Help in Measuring its Welfare Effects A Review of Economic Valuation Studies 111 admissions and avoiding breathing discomfort. Each sample was provided with different information regarding time horizon . one month three months and six months avoidance of health symptoms. Respondents are asked about their annual WTP for the rest of their life. The mean annual WTP for chronic mortality is for the one month sample for the three months sample and for the six month sample. The value of one life year is 27 630 9 430 and 6 040 for the one three and six months sample respectively. Focusing on human morbidity from air pollution Navrud 2001 conduct a contingent valuation study to assess the benefits from morbidity risk reduction in Norway Europe. This study aimed to elicit willingness-to-pay estimates to avoid additional days of seven lights health symptoms coughing sinus congestion throat congestion eye irritation headache shortness of breath and acute bronchitis and asthma. The survey was conducted with face to face interviews of 1009 individuals. Mean WTP for an environmental program that would result to health risk reduction . avoidance of one additional day of health symptoms ranged from 99 NOK for coughing to 267 NOK for shortness of breath. WTP per person to avoid 14 additional days per year of light health symptoms ranged from 267 NOK for coughing to 812 NOK for shortness of breath. Authors also compared values estimates from this study with estimate from other similar US studies. Results showed that respiratory symptom days and asthma attacks are valued lower in Norway than in the US. Carlsson Johansson-Stenman 2000 implement a contingent valuation method to measure the benefits associated with increased air quality in Sweden. The mean WTP for a 50 reduction of harmful substances where the respondents live and work was about 2000 SEK year 160SEK month . WTP was found to increase in income wealth and .
