Tham khảo tài liệu 'advanced biomedical engineering part 12', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Cross Cultural Principles for Bioethics 211 vulnerability Rendtorff Kemp 2000 . However I believe that ethical principles always do contain obligations such as you ought to respect . . What Rendtorff Kemp call principles do not contain obligations. Hence strictly speaking they cannot be considered as principles but as ethical concepts which can be reformulated into ethical principles. This can be done the following way Respect for autonomy Respect for dignity and so forth. Beauchamp does also argue that the so-called principles of Rendtorff Kemp are not principles at all. For instance Beauchamp considers integrity is a virtue and vulnerability as a property or condition of persons. Furthermore he thinks that the concept of dignity is one of the most obscure concepts of bioethics since nobody knows what dignity is. Moreover as can be seen above Beauchamp does not believe in specific European ethical principles personal communication . Beauchamp states that empirical research could prove him or Rendtorff Kemp wrong. The hypothesis to be tested is that all persons committed to the objective of morality adhere to the common morality and thereby to the four ethical principles which form the basis of the common morality Beauchamp 2003 p. 264 . First persons should be screened to test whether they are committed to the objectives of morality which are those of promoting human flourishing by counteracting conditions that cause the quality of people s lives to worsen Beauchamp 2003 p. 260 . Persons not committed to morality should then be excluded from the study. Next it should be tested whether cultural or individual differences emerge over the most general norms believed to achieve best the objectives of morality Beauchamp 2003 p. 264 . Beauchamp writes Should it turn out that the individuals or cultures studied do not share the norms that I hypothesize to comprise the common morality then there is no common morality of the sort I claim and my particular hypothesis has .
