Tham khảo tài liệu 'integrated waste management volume ii part 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 7 Big Game Waste Production Sanitary and Ecological Implications Joaquin Vicente Ricardo Carrasco Pelayo Acevedo Vidal Montoro and Christian Gortazar IREC National Wildlife Research Institute CSIC-UCLM-JCCM Ciudad Real Spain 1. Introduction Big game hunting has been anciently practiced by the humanity as an essential event to survival Nitecki et al. 1988 and although nowadays man continues to hunt meat big hunting has expanded to sport. Species included as big game vary with geographical areas and the general range includes mainly medium to large size hoofed ungulates and predators. Such diverse group of species plays essential roles in the ecological dynamics of natural or semi-natural systems . Putman 1986 . Also big game species can often cause conflict with human interests for example abundant ungulate species damaging to agriculture and conservation habitats or transmitting disease to livestock . Ammer 1996 Ferroglio et al. 2011 . Big game waste consists of solids generated mainly after hunting activity. This waste comprises the whole body of the animals or parts of them such as the viscera and heads when are not used as trophies . Much of this ungulate biomass becomes solid waste after hunting events following the removal of the internal and external offal head feet all intestines as well as all internal organs . These materials play an important role in ecosystems maintaining complex faunal communities extending from invertebrates to large carnivores DeVault et al. 2003 . Therefore a premise is that big game waste must be properly managed to protect the continuation of natural ecological processes for example just leaving it in situ may be an option which poses great conservation value. These remains may also be managed to reduce their effect on animal human health and the environment under certain circumstances and to a lesser extent for aesthetics purposes or to recover resources from them. Although there is increasing interest on the ecological role
