Quá trình tạo ra một công ty bắt đầu khi các nhà tổ chức (incorporators) có được một điều lệ từ nhà nước. Điều lệ cho phép các công ty phát hành cổ phiếu, kinh doanh thực hiện theo quy định của pháp luật nhà nước và nội quy của công ty. | Corporations: Paid-in Capital and the Balance Sheet Chapter 13 Objective 1 Identify the Characteristics of a Corporation. Characteristics separate legal entity continuous life and transferability of ownership no mutual agency limited liability of stockholders separation of ownership and management corporate taxation government regulation Organizing a Corporation The process of creating a corporation begins when the organizers (incorporators) obtain a charter from the state. The charter authorizes the corporation to issue stock and conduct business in accordance with state law and the corporation’s bylaws. Organizing a Corporation Stockholders elect the board of directors. The board sets policy, appoints the officers, and elects a chairperson. The board also designates the president, who is the chief operating officer. Authority Structure in a Corporation Stockholders Board of Directors Chairperson of the Board President Various Vice-Presidents and Secretary Controller Treasurer . | Corporations: Paid-in Capital and the Balance Sheet Chapter 13 Objective 1 Identify the Characteristics of a Corporation. Characteristics separate legal entity continuous life and transferability of ownership no mutual agency limited liability of stockholders separation of ownership and management corporate taxation government regulation Organizing a Corporation The process of creating a corporation begins when the organizers (incorporators) obtain a charter from the state. The charter authorizes the corporation to issue stock and conduct business in accordance with state law and the corporation’s bylaws. Organizing a Corporation Stockholders elect the board of directors. The board sets policy, appoints the officers, and elects a chairperson. The board also designates the president, who is the chief operating officer. Authority Structure in a Corporation Stockholders Board of Directors Chairperson of the Board President Various Vice-Presidents and Secretary Controller Treasurer Capital Stock Corporate ownership is evidenced by a stock certificate which may be for any number of shares. The total number of shares authorized is limited by charter. Stockholders’ Equity Paid-in capital Retained earnings Owners’ equity in the corporation has two components: Stockholders’ Equity Example On June 1, the Bloom’s Corporation issued stock valued at $10,000. June 1 Cash 10,000 Common Stock 10,000 Issued stock Stockholders’ Equity Example Bloom’s Corporation net income for the year was $800,000. December 31 Income Summary 800,000 Retained Earnings 800,000 To close net income to Retained Earnings Stockholders’ Rights The ownership of stock entitles stockholders to four basic rights, unless specific rights are withheld by agreement. Vote Dividends Liquidation Preemption Classes of Stock Common stock is the most basic form of capital stock. Preferred stock gives its owners certain advantages over common stockholders. Classes of Stock What is par value? It is an arbitrary amount .
