Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic inflammatory injury | Wang et al. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2011 8 134 http content 8 1 134 JJOURNAL OF. NEUROINFLAMMATION REVIEW Open Access Toll-like receptors in cerebral ischemic inflammatory injury Yan-Chun WangH Sen l_in2 and Qing-Wu Yang1 Abstract Cerebral ischemia triggers acute inflammation which has been associated with an increase in brain damage. The mechanisms that regulate the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia are multifaceted. An important component of this response is the activation of the innate immune system. However details of the role of the innate immune system within the complex array of mechanisms in cerebral ischemia remain unclear. There have been recent great strides in our understanding of the innate immune system particularly in regard to the signaling mechanisms of Toll-like receptors TLRs whose primary role is the initial activation of immune cell responses. So far few studies have examined the role ofTLRs in cerebral ischemia. However work with experimental models of ischemia suggests that T_Rs are involved in the enhancement of cell damage following ischemia and their absence is associated with lower infarct volumes. It may be possible that therapeutic targets could be designed to modulate activities of the innate immune system that would attenuate cerebral brain damage. Ischemic tolerance is a protective mechanism induced by a variety of preconditioning stimuli. Interpreting the molecular mechanism of ischemic tolerance will open investigative avenues into the treatment of cerebral ischemia. In this review we discuss the critical role ofTLRs in mediating cerebral ischemic injury. We also summarize evidence demonstrating that cerebral preconditioning downregulates pro-inflammatory T_R signaling thus reducing the inflammation that exacerbates ischemic brain injury. Keywords cerebral ischemia Toll-like receptors TLRs inflammation innate immunity Introduction Cerebral ischemia the most common cerebrovascular disease
