Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : Highly active antiretroviral treatment for the prevention of HIV transmission | Granich et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010 13 1 http content 13 1 1 JOURNALOF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY COMMENTARY Open Access Highly active antiretroviral treatment for the prevention of HIV transmission Reuben Granich1 Siobhan Crowley1 Marco Vitoria1 Ying-Ru Lo1 Yves Souteyrand1 Christopher Dye2 I- r I i - Cd I I l r 3 I - z i I I - r f- Cdi I V m s 1 ĨI h ỉ r jz-x c r I 4 D r I A ỉ I I I m r 5 Charlie Gilks Teguest Guerma Kevin M De Cock Brian Williams Abstract In 2007 an estimated 33 million people were living with HIV 67 resided in sub-Saharan Africa with 35 in eight countries alone. In 2007 there were about million HIV-positive tuberculosis cases. Globally approximately 4 million people had been given highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART by the end of 2008 but in 2007 an estimated million were still in need of HAART and million more became infected with HIV. Although there has been unprecedented investment in confronting HIV AIDS - the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV AIDS estimates billion was spent in 2008 - a key challenge is how to address the HIV AIDS epidemic given limited and potentially shrinking resources. Economic disparities may further exacerbate human rights issues and widen the increasingly divergent approaches to HIV prevention care and treatment. HIV transmission only occurs from people with HIV and viral load is the single greatest risk factor for all modes of transmission. HAART can lower viral load to nearly undetectable levels. Prevention of mother to child transmission offers proof of the concept of HAART interrupting transmission and observational studies and previous modelling work support using HAART for prevention. Although knowing one s HIV status is key for prevention efforts it is not known with certainty when to start HAART. Building on previous modelling work we used an HIV AIDS epidemic of South African intensity to explore the impact of testing all adults .
