Health and Quality of Life Outcomes BioMed Central Research Open Access The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version Ali Montazeri*1,2, Mariam Vahdaninia1, Mandana Ebrahimi2 and Soghra Jarvandi2 Address: 1Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research and 2Iranian Centre for Breast Cancer (ICBC) Email: Ali Montazeri* - ali@; Mariam Vahdaninia - IHSR@; Mandana Ebrahimi - ICBC@; Soghra Jarvandi - ICBC@ * Corresponding author Published: 28 April 2003 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003, 1:14 This article is available from: Received: 10 February 2003 Accepted: 28 April 2003 © 2003 Montazeri et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access. | BioMed Central Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Research The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS translation and validation study of the Iranian version Ali Montazeri 1 2 Mariam Vahdaninia1 Mandana Ebrahimi2 and Soghra Jarvandi2 Open Access Address Uranian Institute for Health Sciences Research and 2Iranian Centre for Breast Cancer ICBC Email Ali Montazeri - ali@ MariamVahdaninia - IHSR@ Mandana Ebrahimi - ICBC@ Soghra Jarvandi - ICBC@ Corresponding author Published 28 April 2003 Received 10 February 2003 Accepted 28 April 2003 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003 1 14 This article is available from http content 1 1 14 2003 Montazeri et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose provided this notice is preserved along with the article s original URL. Abstract Background The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients. This study aimed to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the HADS. Methods The English language version of the HADS was translated into Persian Iranian language and was used in this study. The questionnaire was administered to a consecutive sample of 167 breast cancer patients and statistical analysis was performed to test the reliability and validity of the HADS. Results In general the Iranian version of the HADS was found to be acceptable to almost all patients 99 . Cronbach s alpha coefficient to test reliability has been found to be for the HADS anxiety sub-scale and for the HADS depression sub-scale. Validity as performed using known groups comparison analysis showed satisfactory results. Both anxiety and depression subscales discriminated well between sub-groups of patients differing in clinical status as defined by their disease .
