Tham khảo tài liệu 'money and power great predators in the political economy of development_6', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | MONEY AND POWER The privatisation process used most in sub-Saharan Africa has been the sale of shares directly or through competition followed closely by liquidations and sales of assets. Other methods are used much more rarely leases public flotation transfers management contracts buyouts joint ventures concessions trustees and swaps. 2004 43 Indeed the vast majority of privatisations recorded in their book were by selling shares to private individuals a fact which the authors implied meant that local elites are as culpable for the outcome as external institutions since there was nominally a choice about the implementation method for privatisation. The authors continue what is achieved by privatisation is essentially a clarification of the role of the state 2004 12 which underscores their point that it was a decision of local elites in association with their advisors which has led privatisation processes to be in the main supportive of widening inequality and personalised wealth creation. While the CDC cannot be singularly held responsible for this the sale of shares model which has predominated has also held sway in many arrangements involving DFIs although the OECD authors maintain that the IFIs did not push just the share option. Case study evidence and material the CDC produced in line with its role of preparing governments for privatisation do indicate however a clear preference in this direction. In practice donor agendas - for a secure and profitable investment environment - and the priorities of local elites - domestic accumulation and wealth - may converge around this outcome see Craig 2000 for an excellent case study of Zambia . For example at a seminar at the University of Leeds in 1992 Alistair Boyd a senior CDC executive produced a slide of the CDC model of privatisation where a company would move from a monopoly market through a stage of deregulation to working in the context of a competitive market with the privatisation process moving from left to
