Tham khảo tài liệu 'partnerships for innovation in microfinance springer_6', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 150 Gautam Ivatury Table 2. Services offered through technology channels 26 institutions responding Services Offered via Technology Number of Institutions Cash withdrawal 24 Bill payment 20 Money transfer 19 Deposit 15 Loan repayment 14 Balance inquiry 12 Account statement 10 Account opening 10 Loan disbursement 9 Insurance premium payment 8 Remittances 5 Benefit payments 5 Credit card advances 4 Checkbook request 2 Payroll payment 2 Cash back11 1 What Technologies Are Used Most poor people particularly those working in the informal economy and in rural areas earn and spend in cash. To handle a cash transaction where there is no bank branch banks have at least two ICT options. They may use an ATM that can accept store and dispense cash or they can use a POS device placed at an outlet where cash is kept on hand. These technologies are becoming increasingly available in developing countries because of falling hardware costs and growing support infrastructure. At one time the erratic supply of telecommunications and electricity could not support ATMs or POS devices particularly in rural areas. Now however telecommunications and electricity infrastructure is more widespread and reliable. From 1999 to 2004 the number of mobile phone subscribers in Africa grew from million to 11 Cash-back transactions take place when a customer makes a purchase from a retailer using a debit card and requests a limited amount of cash in addition to the cost of the item purchased. Cash back is different from a withdrawal because it takes place only during a purchase. Using Technology to Build Inclusive Financial Systems 151 million an average annual increase of 58 There are now more users than mobile phone owners entrepreneurial subscribers in rural South Africa receive text messages and deliver them verbally to those who are Technology has also made advances. In cooperation with hardware manufacturers Visa International developed a battery-powered .
