Tham khảo tài liệu 'biomedical engineering trends in materials science part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 292 Biomedical Engineering Trends in Materials Science in Table 2. Fluid properties and composition can readily change as a result of disease aging and drug ingestion Black Hastings 1998 . At this moment there is not a general consensus in the scientific community about the best simulated body fluid to be used for characterizing metallic biomedical alloys. Further research the influence of the solution chemistry on the corrosion mechanisms is required to solve this problem to avoid this uncertainty . Compound Plasma serum Synovial fluid Bicarbonate 25-30 mM - Calcium mM mM Cloride 100-108 mM 87-138 mM Phosphorous total mM - Potassium mM mM Sodium 134-143 mM 133-139 mM Amino acids 20-51 mg mL - Glucosa 650-966 mg mL - Uric acid mg mL 39 mg mL Water 930-955 mg mL 960-988 mg mL Albumin mg mL 6-10 mg mL IgG mg mL mg mL Fibrinogen 2-4 mg mL - Table 2. General chemical composition of the human biological Black Hastings 1998 . Passive dissolution of CoCrMo alloys The main corrosion mechanism of CoCrMo alloys in the body fluids is passive dissolution. In vitro Germain et al. 2003 Okazaki Gotoh 2005 and in vivo Massè et al. 2003 Dumbleton Manley 2005 tests confirm the metal release from the CoCrMo alloys through that corrosion mechanism. Different variety of phenomena as a consequence of metal ion release takes place into the human body such as transportation metabolism accumulation in organs allergy and carcinoma Hanawa 2004 . These effects can be generally harmful for human health mainly in the case of the CoCrMo where the alloying elements Cr and Co generate high risk of carcinogenicity. Although the definitive effects of these metal ions have not been determined toxicity and metall alergy are the most significant concerns. For example it has been demostrated that Cr3 and Co 2 have a toxicity effect on osteoblasy and induced cell mortality Fleury et al. 2006 . Therefore there is .
