Các biện pháp phù hợp cho các cá nhân, hộ gia đình và các nhóm cộng đồng khu phố sẽ được thảo luận đầu tiên, sau đó các biện pháp thích hợp cho các công ty tư nhân hoặc tổ chức được chia thành các khoản mục. Vai trò của chính quyền đô thị trong phát triển các chương trình bảo vệ trận động đất ở cấp độ thành phố được xem xét. | EARTHQUAKES DISASTERSAND PROTECTION 35 is a few decades from that where the expected interval is measured in centuries as a number of reconstruction case studies show. Chapter 6 is concerned with defining the roles and strategies appropriate to the different groups acting to protect themselves and society as a whole. Measures suitable for individuals households and neighbourhood community groups are discussed first then suitable measures for private companies or organisations are itemised. The role of urban authorities in developing earthquake protection programmes at a city level is considered. Then national government activities and priorities for implementing protection measures are presented and it is argued that it is necessary for government to take a lead role in instigating a safety culture. Finally measures for international and national aid and development organisations are considered. Chapter 7 presents the effects of siting and location on earthquake risk. It describes the use of seismic hazard maps to support decisions on earthquake protection especially building design regulations and it discusses the use of microzoning techniques for earthquake protection in urban areas. Chapter 8 considers the means available for improving the earthquake resistance of buildings. It discusses the manner in which buildings resist earthquakes and the choice of appropriate structural form and materials for new buildings is considered. The approaches for engineered buildings designed to codes of practice will be very different from those for non-engineered buildings. Older existing buildings constitute the greatest source of earthquake vulnerability almost everywhere and the chapter concludes by describing some of the techniques for strengthening existing buildings which have been developed in particular locations. Chapter 9 deals with loss estimation and seismic risk assessment techniques. As the techniques of risk analysis develop it becomes an increasingly important .
