Tiếng Anh Tài khoản nợ Ngân sách khấu hao Khách nợ cổ tức vốn cổ phần Bao thanh toán Chi phí cố định Quỹ dòng chảy chuẩn chi phí gián tiếp lợi nhuận gộp tỷ lệ nội bộ (IRR) Các khoản cho vay dự trữ Lợi nhuận Lợi nhuận Lợi nhuận trên doanh thu bán hàng Cổ phần Chứng khoán chi phí biến đổi tiếng Anh-Mỹ Báo cáo tài chính | 152 How to Understand Business Finance It is only worth borrowing to expand a business if the internal return on investment ORA or RONA is expected to be significantly higher than the interest rates payable on new borrowings. going concern convention The accounting convention which requires that unless stated otherwise accounts are drawn on the basis that the business will continue to operate indefinitely. goodwill When a business is sold the price paid is usually greater than the total asset value as shown on the balance sheet. The difference which represents the buyer s expectation that it will generate profits in future is called goodwill and is put among the fixed assets of the buying company s balance sheet. Goodwill is usually depreciated over the first few years after the purchase. gross margin Gross profit. Sales less cost of sales less factory overheads in a manufacturing business. GPM or manufacturing margin. gross profit See gross margin. historical cost The actual cost of buying an asset at the time it was purchased. Normal accounting values all assets at historical cost less accumulated depreciation rather than at their current or replacement cost. In times of high inflation current cost accounting may be used but this has certain anomalies since usually fixed assets are valued at current cost and inventories at historical cost and the sum is not fully meaningful. income statement US Profit Loss account UK . A summary of the income and expenses of a business during an accounting period eg a year. incremental cost The extra cost associated with an action eg hiring a staff member or producing another unit. 153 Glossary of Financial Terms intangible assets Non-physical assets of the company such as patents trademarks goodwill and know-how. interest cover Operating profit divided by interest payable. A measure of safety the ability of the business to service its loans. internal rate of return IRR The discount rate at which the net present value of a .
