Chương trình của chính phủ tự nguyện nhằm mục đích hỗ trợ ngành công nghiệp để nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh thông qua tăng hiệu quả năng lượng và giảm tác động môi trường. ENERGY STAR ®, chương trình tự nguyện được quản lý bởi Cơ quan Bảo vệ Môi trường Hoa Kỳ, nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết cho các chương trình quản lý mạnh mẽ và chiến lược của công ty năng lượng. ENERGY STAR cung cấp công cụ quản lý năng lượng và chiến lược quản lý năng lượng doanh nghiệp thành công chương trình. Hướng dẫn năng lượng mô tả. | the payback period of recovery systems may be as short as one year. Furthermore flare gas recovery systems offer increased flare tip life and emission reductions. Power Recovery Various processes run at elevated pressures enabling the opportunity for power recovery from the pressure in the flue gas. The major application for power recovery in the petroleum refinery is the fluid catalytic cracker FCC . However power recovery can also be applied to hydrocrackers or other equipment operated at elevated pressures. Modern FCC designs use a power recovery turbine or turbo expander to recover energy from the pressure. The recovered energy can be used to drive the FCC compressor or to generate power. Power recovery applications for FCC are characterized by high volumes of high temperature gases at relatively low pressures while operating continuously over long periods of time between maintenance stops 32 000 hours . There is wide and long-term experience with power recovery turbines for FCC applications. Various designs are marketed and newer designs tend to be more efficient in power recovery. Recovery turbines are supplied by a small number of global suppliers including GE Power Systems. Many refineries in the United States and around the world have installed recovery turbines. Valero has recently upgraded the turbo expanders at its Houston and Corpus Christi Texas and Wilmington California refineries. Valero s Houston Refinery replaced an older power recovery turbine to enable increased blower capacity to allow an expansion of the FCC. At the Houston refinery the re-rating of the FCC power recovery train led to power savings of 22 MW Valero 2003 and will export additional power up to 4 MW to the grid. Petro Canada s Edmonton refinery replaced an older turbo expander by a new more efficient unit in October 1998 saving around 18 TBtu annually. Power recovery turbines can also be applied at hydrocrackers. Power can be recovered from the pressure difference between the
