Tham khảo tài liệu 'solar energy 2012 part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 13 Charge Carrier Recombination in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Gytis Juska and Kẹstutis Arlauskas Vilnius University Lithuania 1. Introduction Photovoltaic phenomenon was first observed by E. Becquerel Becquerel in 1839. He observed the electric current-lit silver electrode immersed in the electrolyte. In 1894 taking advantage of the observed photoconductivity phenomenon in amorphous selenium the semiconductor solar cell was developed. The very first silicon p-n junction solar cell was made in 1954 energy conversion efficiency of which was 6 and the energy price 200 W did not seem promising for wide application. Later the development of satellites needed to provide sustainable energy sources and the cadmium sulfid cadmium telluride gallium arsenide and more efficient solar cells of other materials were created. The first solar cell breakthrough was something like of the 1970 year feeling the lack of oil which oncreased interest in alternative energy sources. The basic raw materials in addition to crystalline silicon a polycrystalline silicon were also amorphous silicon and other suitable for thin solar cells materials. Although due to the high cost of these energy sources extracted energy was only a small part of total energy production but the lending spread as energy sources in various areas of small devices such as mobile phone calculators meteorogical instruments watches and so on. A solar powered cars and even solar powered aircraft were constructed. Major Solar cells used for the purification of salt water as well as supply power to isolated objects mountains islands or jungle living population. The second and much greater solar energy use breakthrough occurred in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This is caused by the earth s climate warming due to the increasing threat of thermal energy and the increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. Many governments in many ways stimulated the solar energy lending. Germany in the decade from 1994 to 2004
