Tham khảo tài liệu 'quantitative economics how sustainable are our economies by peter bartelmus_2', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 22 2 What s Economics Got to Do with It Plate Hans Carl von Carlowitz 1645-1714 See Colour Plates from perfect general Perfect market equilibrium could be formalized with mathematical rigour in models where disturbances from less-than-perfect markets or localized pollution incidents would be externalized. If need be such externalities could be easily internalized into mainstream economics by appropriate Pigovian taxation Pigou 1920 . De facto they were ignored. 5 One notable exception is Jevons s 1865 warning of running out of coal a key natural resource at the time. Much later Daly 1996 uses Mill s 1848 evaluation of the stationary state of capital and wealth for arguing his own vision of sustainable development based on a steady-state economy Section . Schools of Eco-nomic Thought 23 It took a looming environmental crisis and the visionary intellect of Kapp 1950 to make mainstream economists look beyond the microeconomics of the optimal use of an exhaustible natural resource Hotelling 1931 . Environmental economists brown box in the environmental economics column of Plate made it their task to seriously study the full macro- and microeconomic cost and welfare implications of resource scarcity and environmental quality deterioration FR . At about the same time and in opposition to the monetary analyses of environmental economists a new branch of ecological economics took its clues from the natural sciences. Ecological economists brown box in the ecological economics column studied the physical thresholds posed by the limited carrying capacity and resilience of ecological systems Lotka 1925 Odum Odum 1953 they also explored the effects of the dissipation entropy of energy Carnot 1824 Clausius 1850 and matter Georgescu-Roegen 1971 . Ecological economics covers a wide range of topics with spillovers into environmental economics and spin-offs like human ecology and bioeconomics. Ecological economics also claims to be the protagonist
