Tham khảo tài liệu 'fungicides for plant and animal diseases part 2', khoa học tự nhiên, công nghệ sinh học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Natural Fungicides Obtained from Plants 11 Bettiol et al. 2011 studied the effect of several essential and fixed oils a mixture of not volatile esters of fatty acids on the control in vitro and in vivo of green mould of oranges caused by Penicillium digitatum. They tested oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin Benth. Mentha arvensis L. Cymbopogon citratus Otto Stapf. Ocimum basilicum L. Rosmarinus officinalis L. Lippia sidoides Cham. Zingiber officinale Rosc. Citrus aurantifolia L. Piper aduncum L. Allium sativum L. Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Eucaliptus spp. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. The oils at 10 000 and 100 000 pL L-1 controlled green mould and inhibited spores germination and mycelial growth in a similar level as compared to the fungicide treatment. However treatment with oil in concentrations higher than 10 000 p L L-1 caused ring damage and changed fruits flavour which makes its implementation impractical in high concentrations. Phenolic compounds Phenolic compounds are those substances that possess an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups and can include functional derivates. Some of the important phenolic compounds include alkyl esters of parabens phenolic antioxidants . BHA and TBHQ and certain of the terpene fraction of the essential oil . thymol carvacrol eugenol and vanillin . Sesquiterpenes with monoterpenes are an important constituent of essential oils in plants. Simple phenolic compounds include monophenols . cresol diphenols . hydroquinone and triphenols . gallic acid . Gallic acid occurs in plants as quinic acid esters or hydrolyzable tannins tannic acid Davidson 1997 . These compounds are naturally present in plants. They have antibacterial properties but some of them have antifungal properties as well for example against Penicillium sp. Rhizopus sp. and Geotrichum candidum. The mechanism of phenolic compounds centres on their effects on cellular membranes. Simple phenols disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane and .
