Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Microphone Array Speaker Localizers Using Spatial-Temporal Information | Hindawi Publishing Corporation EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing Volume 2006 Article ID 59625 Pages 1-17 DOI ASP 2006 59625 Microphone Array Speaker Localizers Using Spatial-Temporal Information Sharon Gannot1 and Tsvi Gregory Dvorkind2 1 School of Engineering Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel 2 Department of Electrical Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel Received 20 January 2005 Revised 17 May 2005 Accepted 22 August 2005 A dual-step approach for speaker localization based on a microphone array is addressed in this paper. In the first stage which is not the main concern of this paper the time difference between arrivals of the speech signal at each pair of microphones is estimated. These readings are combined in the second stage to obtain the source location. In this paper we focus on the second stage of the localization task. In this contribution we propose to exploit the speaker s smooth trajectory for improving the current position estimate. Three localization schemes which use the temporal information are presented. The first is a recursive form of the Gauss method. The other two are extensions of the Kalman filter to the nonlinear problem at hand namely the extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter. These methods are compared with other algorithms which do not make use of the temporal information. An extensive experimental study demonstrates the advantage of using the spatial-temporal methods. To gain some insight on the obtainable performance of the localization algorithm an approximate analytical evaluation verified by an experimental study is conducted. This study shows that in common TDOA-based localization scenarios where the microphone array has small interelement spread relative to the source position the elevation and azimuth angles can be accurately estimated whereas the Cartesian coordinates as well as the range are poorly estimated. Copyright 2006 Hindawi .
