WWF-Norway has, during the writing of this report, received great interest both from industry, governments and other NGOs. WWF hopes that addressing this issue will contribute in the long quest for protecting the biodiversity in our oceans. The report looks into the raw materials used for feed in aquaculture, specifically of salmon and trout. It examines the sustainability of the fisheries which are exploited to produce the feed, the added pressure the fish farming industry puts on those stocks, the efficiency of feeding fish to carnivorous fish, and some of the alternatives | Food for Thought the Use of Marine Resources in Fish Feed Report 2 03 Written by Taija-Riitta Tuominen and Maren Esmark Title Food for Thought the Use of Marine Resources in Fish Feed Report number 02 03 Published February 2003 Author s Taija-Riitta Tuominen MSc Student University of Troms0 Norway Maren Esmark Marine Conservation Officer WWF-Norway Publisher WWF-Norway Section 5 is revised by Dr. Mikko Heino Institute of Marine Research Norway Section 4 and 6 is revised by Jan Vidar Jacobsen EWOS Innovation AS Editor Andreas Tveteraas Head of conservation WWF-Norway Report supported by Norwegian Industrial and Regional Development Fund SND FOREWORD 3 1 SUMMARY 4 2 INTRODUCTION 7 3 BACKGROUND 8 Sustainable management of marine resources 8 Aquaculture - THE BLUE REVOLUTION 9 Fish farming in Norway 10 Farming fish 10 Environmental effects of intensive fish farming 11 4 FISH FEED 14 Fish oil and fishmeal in fish feed 14 Producers of fish oil and fishmeal 15 HOW MUCH WILD fish is needed to produce 1kg of farmed salmon 16 Global demand for fish oil 18 5 FISH SPECIES USED TO PRODUCE FISH FEED 20 Fisheries management 20 Towards sustainable fisheries management 21 Fisheries in the South east pacific Ocean 23 Commercially exploited fish species in the South east pacific Ocean 25 Sardinops sagax - South American pilchard 25 Engraulis ringens - Anchoveta Peruvian anchovy 26 Trachurus murphyi - Chilean Jack Mackerel 27 Fisheries in THE NORTH east Atlantic 28 Commercially exploited fish species in the Northern Atlantic 29 Clupea harengus - Atlantic herring 29 Sprattus sprattus - European sprat 30 Mallotus villosus - Capelin 31 Trisopterus esmarkii - Norway pout 32 Micromesistius poutassou - Blue whiting 33 Ammodytes marinus A. tobianus - Small sandeel and Lesser sandeel 34 Trachurus trachurus - Atlantic Horse Mackerel 35 Scomber scombrus- Atlantic Mackerel 36 6 ALTERNATIVES FOR FISHMEAL AND FISH OIL 37 Plants 37 .
