Vascular dysfunction may also reduce oxygen delivery to gingival tissue. Pocket oxygen tension was reported to be significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers providing support for the negative effects of smoking on vascular system (Hanioka et al. 2000). Evidence from both human and experimental studies suggests that smoking has a long-term chronic effect, and its effect is not simply a vasoconstriction. Its suppressive effects on the vascular system of gingiva can be observed through less gingival redness, lower bleeding on probing and fewer vessels visible clinically and histologically | Economist Intelligent Business Skills Book Elementary Business English Contents Intelligent Business Elementary Introduction 6 Unit 1 Make the first contact 10 Unit 2 Talk about jobs 14 Unit 3 Talk about companies 18 Writing 1 Emails 1 20 Unit 4 Give instructions and directions 24 Unit 5 Go to a restaurant 28 Unit 6 Place an order 32 Writing 2 Emails 2 34 Unit 7 Talk about projects 38 Unit 8 Solve problems 42 Unit 9 Describe products 46 Writing 3 Report what you did 48 Unit 10 Talk about current activities 52 Unit 11 Compare and discuss 56 Unit 12 Interview for a job 60 Writing 4 Letters 62 Unit 13 Suggest deas 66 Unit 14 Make arrangements 70 Unit 15 Predict Jture trends 74 Writing 5 Message and notes 76 Strategies 83 Grammar reference 97 Pairwork 105 Audioscripts Describe products This unit helps you to describe different kinds of prodL. s explain what they do and say why tr y are special. You can also practise ạ ing your opinion about certain produc . Page 42. Unit 9 .