Yadav et al. (2007) studied on fertilizer industrial discharge showed that some components in the discharge may interact with each other and produce toxic to aquatic organisms. For instance, the interaction between dissolved oxygen and ammonia changed the respiratory physiology in fresh water fish. In addition, results showed that the toxicity of the effluent in fish depends on concentration and duration of exposure. Several study showed that the excess concentration of ammonia, whether is ionized or unionized, is one of the major contaminants in fertilizer discharge and it is toxic to aquatic living organism. It could cause impairment to the cerebral energy in fish, such as O | Contents Ice in fisheries Table of contents by J. Graham W. A. Johnston and F. J. Nicholson Torry Research Station Aberdeen United Kingdom The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-47 ISBN 92-5-103280-7 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction should be addressed to the Director Publications Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome Italy FAO 1992 PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT Ice in Fisheries was originally published in 1968 as FAO Fisheries Report 59. In the period since then it has been in great demand particularly for training courses. This version has been extensively revised and updated by Messrs. J. Graham . Johnston and . Nicholson of the Torry Research Station http DOCREP T0713E 1 of 3 14 55 13 Contents UK. It now incorporates the advances in technology made in the last twenty years and has been reissued in the FAO Fisheries Technical Paper series in order to reach an even wider audience. Distribution FAO Fisheries Department FAO Regional Fisheries Officers HP Selector Authors Graham J. Johnston . Nicholson . Ice in Fisheries FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 331. Rome FAO. 1992. 75p. ABSTRACT The paper covers all aspects of the use of ice for the chilling and storage of fish. Following a review of fish spoilage the nature and properties of ice
