The hypoproliferative anemias are normochromic, normocytic or macrocytic and are characterized by a low reticulocyte count. Deficient production of RBCs occurs with marrow damage and dysfunction, which may be secondary to infection, inflammation, and cancer. Hypoproliferative anemia is also a prominent feature of hematologic diseases that are described as bone marrow failure states; these include aplastic anemia, myelodysplasia (MDS), pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), and myelophthisis.
