This book differs from most other available cardiology texts. We have designed it to provide didactic answers to specific questions, wherever possible. Some are everyday questions. Others deal with less common situations, where an answer is often not readily found. The book is suitable for all grades of doctor, cardiologist and physician alike. Responses have been kept as brief as possible and practical. A few important topics defied our editorial culling and were given more space. The aim was not to review the entire literature, but rather to present the conclusions which that author has reached from such evaluation, combined with experience. Where helpful or necessary, a few relevant references have.