Perioperative critical care cardiology (PCCC) includes the cardiovascular management of patients with any underlying diseases or imposed conditions (whether natural or iatrogenic) that involve or affect the heart–including, acute or chronic mechanical heart failure (HF). This can result from ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmias that compromise heart function, circulatory shock, or dilated or obstructive cardiomyopathy. Patients needing therapy for HF are especially challenging to clinicians involved their perioperative care
