Each of us performs thousands of eye movements every day without being aware of how the brain controls them. The oculomotor system is one of the best understood motor systems not only with regard to premotor centers in the central nervous system, but also with regard to the peripheral muscles moving the eye. This has been made possible by intensive multidisciplinary research, including ophthalmologists, neurologists and basic scientists, and is reflected in comprehensive textbooks [. Leigh RJ, Zee DS: The Neurology of Eye Movements. New York, Oxford University Press, 2006]