STROKE IS THE THIRD MOST COMMON CAUSE of death and disability in the US. It is a complex disease, with many causes, many presentations, and many levels of severity. Despite recent medical advances, stroke remains a diffi cult disease to diagnose and treat. In recognition of the importance of this common disorder, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) instituted a new subspecialty examination in 2005. According to the ABPN’s website, this exam is intended “to offi cially establish the fi eld of vascular neurology as a defi - nite area of subspecialization in neurology and child neurology and to provide a means of identifying properly trained and experienced vascular.