This book is the result of discussions that took place at the Pellston Workshop on Assessing the Hazard of Metals and Inorganic Metal Substances in Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems. The workshop, sponsored by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), was held 3–8 May, 2003, in Pensacola, FL. The workshop built upon the findings of a previous SETAC workshop, which provided an in-depth discussion of the potential to assess bioavailability of metals to fish and invertebrates (Bergman and Dorward-King 1996) and which led to the development of the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) (Di Toro et al. 2001, 2005)