Bartonella species are gram-negative bacteria that can cause an array of infectious diseases, including cat-scratch disease (CSD), bacillary angiomatosis, bacteremia, culture-negative endocarditis, trench fever, and bartonellosis (Table 153-1). Three Bartonella species play a major role in causing human disease: B. bacilliformis, B. quintana, and B. henselae. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have expanded the list of diseases known to be caused by Bartonella species.
