Significant advances in subsurface containment technology occurred in the 1990s, both with the improvement of the technology and the broader acceptance and applications as a measure for environmental remediation. Since 1995, the . Department of Energy (USDOE), . Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and DuPont have collaborated on a series of organized efforts to advance this technology. In that year, these collaborators sponsored an international expert workshop that led to the publication of the first major book on containment technology. Two international conferences were held by the same three partners in 1997 and 2001, with individuals from all over the world attending
