Three other programmes come within the scope of this report: the Junior Certificate School programme (JCSP), introduced in 1996; the Transition Year programme, introduced in 1984 and mainstreamed in 1994; and the Leaving Certificate Applied programme (LCA), introduced in 1995. Each is aimed at a particular cohort of students and has specific objectives appropriate to these, but all share an emphasis on the development of language skills, from the basic literacy of reading and writing to the critical literacy required for analysing and interpreting texts
