Diabetes represents a major threat to public health with alarmingly rising trends of incidence and severity in recent years, as it appears to correlate closely with emerging patterns of nutrition/diet and behavior/exercise worldwide. The concentration of blood glucose in healthy human subjects is about 90 mg/dl and defines the state of normoglycaemia. Significant and prolonged deviations from this level may give rise to numerous pathologies with serious and extensive clinical impact that is increasingly recognized by current medical practice
