The essential role of epidemiology is to improve the health of populations. Advances in epidemiology research are expected to play a central role in medicine and public health in the 21st century by providing information for disease prediction and prevention. This book represents an overview on the diverse threads of epidemiological research in that captures the new and exciting themes that have been emerging over recent years. Diverse topics are discussed and the book provides an overview of the current state of epidemiological knowledge and research as a reference to reveal new avenues of work, while the power of the epidemiological method runs throughout the book