The authors decided to describe in detail the relationship between the clinical disability of locomotor system and functional dysphagia. They provided detailed anatomic and functional characteristics of the esophagus including the extrinsic and intrinsic innervations. Moreover, they had concentrated on the reflex part of swallowing involving both the afferent and efferent pathways. The afferent signals apparent during the swallowing reflex are directed from sensitive fibers of the trigeminal nerve, n. glossopharyngeus and n. vagus
