One of the most important things to remember when teaching writing is that writing is a process Very few native speakers will ever start writing at the top of the first page and continue straight through until they finish at bottom of the last one. The entire process has five steps, but the first step in the writing process is coming up with your thoughts and ideas, also known as prewriting. Prewriting helps students gather ideas and give them a bank of possibilities for their writing. | Why is writing useful? Writing is a way to reinforce language a way to develop language a style of learning language a skill genre-based writing (writing letters, postcards, invitation, etc.) process writing (stages a writer goes through) What relate to effective writing? 1. Language skills (accuracy-based) good use of spelling rules accurate use of language (appropriacy) grammatical sentence forming effective use of connectors (cohesion) correct application of written forms What relate to effective writing? 2. Able to communicate a message (fluency-based) generating ideas gathering information organizing ideas & information (coherence) expressing ideas/ information Help Ss develop language skills Study (S): teacher-led / teacher-controlled activities focus on accuracy doing vocabulary / grammar exercises reading available texts dictaclog altering dictation Facilitate Ss’ idea-formation process Activate (A): communicative activities pictures, movies discussion | Why is writing useful? Writing is a way to reinforce language a way to develop language a style of learning language a skill genre-based writing (writing letters, postcards, invitation, etc.) process writing (stages a writer goes through) What relate to effective writing? 1. Language skills (accuracy-based) good use of spelling rules accurate use of language (appropriacy) grammatical sentence forming effective use of connectors (cohesion) correct application of written forms What relate to effective writing? 2. Able to communicate a message (fluency-based) generating ideas gathering information organizing ideas & information (coherence) expressing ideas/ information Help Ss develop language skills Study (S): teacher-led / teacher-controlled activities focus on accuracy doing vocabulary / grammar exercises reading available texts dictaclog altering dictation Facilitate Ss’ idea-formation process Activate (A): communicative activities pictures, movies discussion (with guidance questions) survey (with questionnaire) intensive reading listening comprehension Writing as a process Brainstorming Making notes Writing a draft Editing Producing another draft Proof-reading TOPIC Writing process Brainstorming (think of everything we can about the topic) Making notes Writing a draft Editing (correcting and improving the text) Producing another draft Proof-reading (checking mistakes in accuracy) or editing again Correcting writing Steps self-correction peer correction teacher’s correction Techniques using checklists (spelling mistakes, tenses, topic sentence, etc.) The stages of a writing lesson Before During After Lead-in: stimulate learners’ interest; provide them with ideas Language focus: structure, vocabulary, linking words Writing task / tasks Transfer and language focus: correction
